Funding access in a distributed electronic environment

ABSTRACT

Permissions can be delegated to enable access to resources associated with one or more different accounts, which might be associated with one or more different entities. Delegation profiles are established that are associated with at least one secured account of at least one customer. Each delegation profile includes information such as a name, a validation policy that specifies principals which may be external to the account and which are permitted to assume the delegation profile, and an authorization policy that indicates the permitted actions within the account for those principals which are acting within the delegation profile. Once a delegation profile is created, the profile can be available for external principals or services that provide a user credential delegated access under the account, where that credential is provided by a trusted identity service. Access can be provided across accounts using the user credential.

BACKGROUND

In recent years, an ever-increasing number of applications and serviceshave been made available over networks such as cellular networks and theInternet. Due to this, an increasing number of content and serviceproviders are turning to technologies such as remote resource sharingand cloud computing. Cloud computing, in general, is an approach toproviding access to electronic resources through services, such as Webservices, where the hardware and/or software used to support thoseservices is dynamically scalable to meet the needs of the services atany given time. A user or customer of a service provider will typicallyrent, lease, or otherwise pay for access to resources through the cloud,and thus does not have to purchase and maintain the hardware and/orsoftware to provide access to these resources.

In this context, a large number of security concerns are faced byservice providers and by their customers. Typically, the serviceprovider wants to ensure that the resource infrastructure is secure andthat their customers' services and data are protected. Similarly, thecustomer of the service provider needs to ensure that the provider hastaken the proper security measures to protect their information againstunauthorized use or access from end users or various other parties.Furthermore, in some cases, the customer may wish to delegate or sharesecurity privileges between multiple heterogeneous services andresources that reside within the service provider or in externalnetworks. It is thus desirable to enable the customer to achieve suchsharing of privileges in a trusted and secure manner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will bedescribed with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment in which aspects of thevarious embodiments can be implemented;

FIG. 2 illustrates another example environment in which aspects of thevarious embodiments can be implemented;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example process for determining a delegationprofile to apply to enable access to resources in accordance withvarious embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example process for ensuring funding for delegatedaccess to resources in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates another example environment in which aspects of thevarious embodiments can be implemented;

FIG. 6 illustrates another example process for ensuring funding fordelegated access to resources in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates a logical arrangement of a set of general componentsof an example computing device, in accordance with various embodiments;and

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an environment for implementing aspectsin accordance with various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, various embodiments will be illustrated byway of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of theaccompanying drawings. References to various embodiments in thisdisclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and suchreferences mean at least one. While specific implementations and otherdetails are discussed, it is to be understood that this is done forillustrative purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art willrecognize that other components and configurations may be used withoutdeparting from the scope and spirit of the claimed subject matter.

Systems and methods in accordance with the embodiments described hereinovercome various deficiencies in existing approaches for delegatingsecurity rights and privileges for services and resources in anelectronic and/or multi-tenant environment. In particular, the variousembodiments provide approaches for using an internal and/or externalentity to dynamically determine and authorize delegation of permissionsto perform actions in, on, or against one or more secured accounts,where those accounts may be associated with a number of differententities and/or resource providers.

In accordance with various embodiments, a resource provider system canutilize a set of delegation profiles that can be created, selected, orapplied for one or more accounts of at least one customer, where eachcustomer has at least some level of access to one or more resourcesmanaged and/or offered by the system. In accordance with an embodiment,a delegation profile can include information such as (a) a name (orother identifier), (b) a validation policy that specifies one or moresecurity principals (e.g., end users), or types of security principals,which may be external to the account and which are permitted to assumethe delegation profile, and (c) an authorization policy specifying thepermitted actions within the account for principals which are actingwithin the delegation profile. In some situations, a customer of theresource provider system might specify one or more policies, rules, orother criteria that can be evaluated to determine which delegationprofile to apply to a specific principal, or to a request from thatprincipal, etc.

Once a delegation profile has been created and assigned to a customeraccount, permission can be granted to the customer to use the delegationprofile for enabling access to the respective resource(s). Thereafter,the customer can use the delegation profile by providing references tothe delegation profile to external entities, such as end users orexternal services, or the customer can provide policies or rules thatcan be used to determine that the profile should be used for those endusers, entities, or services. If an external entity is provided with areference to the delegation profile, the entity can use the reference toobtain a set of credentials for performing certain actions in theaccount. For example, an end user can submit a request for credentialsto an identity service, such as a security token service, where therequest includes a reference to the delegation profile. The securitytoken service can verify whether the end user is one of the securityprincipals that were specified in the validation policy of thedelegation profile. If the user was specified as a security principal,the security token service can provide the end user with a set ofcredentials. These credentials enable requests to be made within thesecurity context of the delegation profile in the account, subject tothe permissions that were specified in the authorization policy. If theend user was not provided with a reference to a delegation profile, theend user can submit a request without the reference and informationincluded in the request can enable a determination of the properdelegation profile to apply. The determination can include, for example,performing a lookup based at least in part upon one or more aspects ofthe request and/or based at least in part upon one or more aspects ofthe end user. In some embodiments, the end user can be identified by asecurity service or federation provider indicated by the delegationprofile. In other embodiments, the delegation profile can include areference to a security service or other authority that is capable ofidentifying the users, or types of users, for which that delegationprofile should be utilized. In some embodiments the permissions can bedetermined in accordance with one or more rules that map attributesasserted by the security service or other authority to one or morepermissions elements.

In some embodiments, multiple customers of a resource provider systemmight have delegation profiles associated with a particular user. Forexample, a user might have an account with the resource provider system,and might utilize applications provided by one or more customers, whereeach of those applications is associated with a respective customeraccount. A user obtaining credentials from an identity service canprovide a copy of those credentials, which can be associated with anyuser identifier associated with one of the accounts. Such an approachenables a user, having been verified by an identity service and havingreceived credentials, to access resources under any of those accountsusing the credentials from the identity service.

Similarly, one or more of those applications or customer resources mightbe able to gain access to resources associated with another account,where that access is provided via presentation of the credentialsoriginally presented to the user. As an example, a user might have datastored to resources associated with an account of the user. If the userutilizes an application associated with a customer, where thatapplication enables access using the credentials, that application mightbe able to access the user data stored under the user account throughpresentation of the credentials. In at least some embodiments, theamount and/or type of access might be different for a customer orapplication than for a user associated with an account, as a differentdelegation profile might apply. Further, costs for use of the resourcesmight be different when accessed by a third party than when accessed bya user associated with the account.

Further, in at least some embodiments the user credentials might enableaccess between two applications or providers using the credentials for auser associated with those applications or providers. For example, auser might store information to resources associated with an account ofa first customer. The user also might utilize an application associatedwith a second customer. In some embodiments, the user credentials mightenable the application of the second customer to directly access datafrom the resources of the first customer, even though the first andsecond customers might not have a direct relationship and the firstcustomer would not have access to the resources absent the presentationof the user credentials. In such cases, the amount and/or type ofaccess, as well as payment for use of the resources, can differ, as maybe configurable by any of a number of different parties, such as theuser and/or either of the first and/or second customer.

Various other applications, processes, and uses are presented below withrespect to the various embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a high level illustration of an environment 100 in which oneor more delegation profiles can be selected and/or dynamicallydetermined to enable a customer to delegate permissions to one or moreend user devices or other external entities, in accordance with variousembodiments. As illustrated, a resource provider environment 102 caninclude one or more secured resources 104 of various types, as may beused to support various services and/or applications. These resourcescan include physical and/or virtual resources, such as application ordata servers or server instances, among other such resource types. Acustomer 124 of the resource provider environment 102 can obtain anaccount with the resource provider environment, enabling the customer124 to access one or more of the secured resources 104 across at leastone appropriate network 114. The customer in some embodiments canutilize these resources to support applications and services that mightbe utilized by one or more external entities 116, such as end users ofthose applications and services.

When an account is created for the customer, at least one delegationprofile 106 can be created or otherwise associated with the account forthe customer. The account is maintained by the resource providerenvironment on behalf of the customer, and the account can designate oneor more principals of the customer 124 and a set of the shared resources(e.g., 104) that those principals can access and use. The delegationprofile 106 can be created or selected by an authorized user (e.g., anadministrator) associated with the account and/or customer. Inaccordance with an embodiment, an example delegation profile 106includes a name 108 or identifier, at least one validation policy 110,and at least one authorization policy 112. The name 108 can be a stringor any other identifier that is used to refer to the delegation profile.The validation policy 110 specifies which security principals, externalentities, or other types of users are allowed to utilize the delegationprofile to perform various actions on resources under the delegationprofile. As discussed, the external entities or other can resideexternally with respect to the customer and/or the account. In addition,the one or more authorization policies 112 can indicate which specificactions the various principals, entities, or users are allowed toperform (e.g., run instances, read or modify data, access other securedresources in the account etc.).

In accordance with an embodiment, a customer 124 associated with anaccount is able to provide the delegation profile to an external entity116, such as an end user or a service. For example, the customer 124 mayprovide a reference to the delegation profile to the external entity116. The external entity 116 can then obtain credentials 122 to act asan authorized user under the account by way of the delegation profile106. For example, the external entity 116 may use the reference to thedelegation profile 106 and request the credentials 122 from a securityservice 116, federation system, or other authorized entity that hasaccess to a copy of the credentials 120. The security service (or otheridentity or federation management entity) can verify whether thevalidation policy defined in the delegation profile properly identifiesthe external entity 116 as being allowed to assume the delegationprofile. If the external entity 116 is verified, the security servicecan issue the set of credentials 122 that can be used by the externalentity to perform actions on resources 104 associated with the account,subject to the permissions specified in the authorization policy 112.

In this manner, customers are able to provide the delegation profile tovarious external entities (e.g., users, services, applications, etc.),and if those entities have been properly identified as securityprincipals in the validation policy of the delegation profile then theentities are able to act in the account. This enables external entitiesto perform various actions on resources in the account which have beengranted to them by the authorization policy, all without the need tomake those external entities actual users of the account. This canprovide a more efficient control model over the actions and actors thatare able to access the resources of the account under the assumption ofthe delegation profile.

In some embodiments, credentials issued to a user by an identity servicecan enable the user to access resources under multiple accountsassociated with different entities, as may be provided by multipleproviders. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates another example environment200 in which aspects of various embodiments can be implemented. As inFIG. 1, a user 201 can login to an identity service 204 across at leastone network 228, and upon authentication can receive a set ofcredentials 208 that can be used to access resources associated with oneor more accounts, providers, or other entities that are capable ofutilizing those credentials to assign a delegation profile and/orprovide access to the corresponding user. In this example, the identityservice maintains a local copy 206 of information for the user, whichcan be used to authenticate the user and/or generate the credentials208.

In this example, the end user 201 has an account with a resourceprovider that enables the user to access one or more secured resources212 in a resource provider environment 210. The user could use theseresources to, for example, store data such as images or music, backupvarious systems, perform computations or processing for one or moreapplications executing on a client device, or perform a number of othersuch operations. When the user attempts to access the secure resources212 associated with the user account, the resource provider environment210 can analyze information for the request, such as the IP address,signature, or other such information, as well as the credentialsprovided with the request. Based at least in part upon this information,the environment can determine the appropriate resources 212, and canapply the appropriate delegation profile for those credentials to enablea designated type and/or amount of access to those resources. In atleast some embodiments, components of the environment 210 can alsodetermine that the request likely came from the end user 201, or adevice associated with the end user, and can determine a delegationprofile that corresponds to the owner (i.e., the end user) of theaccount. In this way, the user can obtain the full amount of resourceaccess allowed under the user account.

The end user 201 might also have a user device with a first application224 stored thereon, for example, that is associated with a firstapplication provider, who can also be a customer 214 of the resourceprovider environment 210. The customer 214 can have another set ofsecured resources 216 of the provider environment that are associatedwith an account of the customer. If the customer accepts the credentialsfrom the identity service 204 for the end user 201, the application cansubmit requests to the customer's secured resources 216 in the providerenvironment 210. The request can include a copy of the credentials, aswell as information such as an identifier for the application, anidentifier for a delegation profile to be applied, or other suchinformation. When the request is received to the provider environment210, a component can determine the appropriate secured resources 216under the account of the customer, and can enable the application toaccess those resources on behalf of the user. In at least someembodiments, the information for the request can be analyzed todetermine an appropriate delegation profile for the application and/orrequest. The delegation profile for the application 224 might differfrom a delegation profile for the customer 216 on the customer account,and in at least some embodiments can include a subset of the access asdesignated by the customer. As an example, the application might be ableto access data stored for the end user, or process data for the enduser, but might not be able to access data for other end users orapplication instances. A delegation profile for the customer, however,might enable the customer to access any or all of the data stored to thesecured resources 216 under the customer account.

In the example thus far, the end user has been able to access securedresources 212 under a user account, and the application 224 has beenable to access secured resources 216 under the customer account, eachusing the credentials 208 issued to the end user by the identity service204. In each case the provider environment might have to map thecredentials to a local identifier or other such information, but thecredentials are used to obtain access in either case. The sharing of thecredentials in at least some embodiments can also enable access acrossaccounts, as allowed by an appropriate delegation profile, rule, orpolicy, etc. For example, the application 224 associated with thecustomer 214 might be able to access data stored to the securedresources 212 under the user account, where the application 224 obtainsdelegated access using the user credentials 208. While neither thecustomer 214 nor the application have rights to access those resources212, the ability to present the credentials can enable the customerand/or application to obtain at least some level of access under theuser account. For example, the application might be able to pull datafrom the user's secured resources 212, perform operations on behalf ofthe user using the resources 212, etc. An identifier or otherinformation submitted with the request can enable the providerenvironment to determine the appropriate delegation profile, and thecustomer or application can obtain the amount and/or type of accessgranted under the delegation policy. The amount and/or type of accesscan be configurable, as may be determined by any of the end user, theprovider, or the customer, among other such entities. In at least someembodiments, the user can specify a different delegation profile foreach application, customer, provider, etc. In each case, the delegationprofile might have to specify a subset of the access allowed to the enduser under the user account with the provider.

In this example, the end user 201 has another application 226 installedon a client device. While applications are used for purposes ofexplanation, it should be understood that the end user can accessresources using Web pages, Web services, or other such approaches aswell within the scope of the various embodiments. In this example, theapplication 226 is provided by, or otherwise associated with, a thirdparty developer 218. The application 226 is able to access resourcesacross the at least one network 228, but in this example the resourcesare provided through a different resource provider environment 220associated with a different resource provider. In this example, neitherthe end user 201 nor the customer 214 have an account with the secondprovider environment 220, nor are they able to directly access anyshared resources 222 associated with the third party 218 under anaccount of the third party with the second provider. The resourceprovider environment 220, however, can accept credentials offered by theidentity service 204 to enable parties such as the end user 201 toobtain access under the account of the third party 218, at least to theextent allowed by a delegation profile or other type of delegatedaccess. As with the secured resources 216 of the customer, the securedresources 222 of the third party can be accessed by the application 226on the end user's device, even though the end user does not have arelationship with the second provider environment 220. Information fromthe request, such as an application identifier or delegation profileidentifier, can be used to determine the amount and/or type of access togrant the application 226 under the third party account.

In at least some embodiments, the application 224 associated with thecustomer 214 can also obtain at least some level of access to thesecured resources of the third party 218, even though the customer hasno relationship with either the third party 218 or the second providerenvironment 220. For example, the customer application 224 mightmanipulate and/or store image data for the end user 201 in the securedresources 212, 216 of the customer and/or end user in the first providerenvironment 210. The second application 226 might be a photo printingapplication or service, for example, that the user might want to use toprint images stored in the first provider environment. The resourcesused for the photo printing service, however, might be the securedresources 222 of the third party 218 in the second provider environment220, which is not affiliated with the customer or end user. In someembodiments, the end user 201 can obtain the images from the firstprovider environment 210 and can submit the images to the resources 222in the second provider environment, along with the credentials 208, inorder to obtain an amount of access or usage as allowed under thedetermined delegation profile. In some embodiments, however, the securedresources 222 of the second provider environment 220 might be able toaccess the end user data stored by at least some of the securedresources 212, 216 in the first provider environment by providing a copyof the end user credentials 208 with the request. Similarly, theapplication 224 associated with the customer 214 might be able to submitimages from the first provider environment 210 to be processed by thesecured resources 222 in the second provider environment, by submittinga copy of the credentials with the request or call for the processing.

In each instance, this “cross-account” access can be obtained byproviding a copy of the credentials 208 provided by the identityservice, with at least some additional identifying information in atleast some embodiments. In some embodiments, the credentials provided byan identity service may be used to prove identity without also providinga copy of the credentials. As an example, a signing credential might beprovided, with a signature being presented instead of a signingcredential, etc. In embodiments where identifying information isprovided, the identifying information can include any information usefulin determining a type of access to allow, such as may include anapplication identifier, a specified access identifier, an accountidentifier, and the like. In some embodiments, the credentials might bemapped to an identifier for a user, application or device, for example,that then can be used to determine the appropriate delegation profile.Various other types of information can be provided as well within thescope of the various embodiments.

In the example of FIG. 2, it is possible that requests from an end user201 could obtain access to the secured resources 222 associated with thethird party 218 under at least five different types, amounts, or levelsof access dictated by at least five different delegation profiles. Forexample, the end user 201 might obtain a first type of access whenaccessing the secured resources 222 of the third party 218 using thethird party application 226 and the user credentials 208. The user alsomight be able to obtain access, which might be more restrictive, bysubmitting requests directly from the end user 201 or through theapplication 224 associated with the customer. In each of these cases theend user can obtain some level of access to the secured resources 222,where an appropriate delegation profile for each is determined based atleast in part upon the source of the request, as may be specified byinformation included with the request. Similarly, requests for access tothe secured resources 222 can be made by the secured resources 212associated with the end user 201 or the secured resources associatedwith the customer 214 in the first provider environment 210. Thoseresources can submit requests with a copy of the credentials and anyother information needed to determine the type of access to be provided.In some cases, the customer 214 might also be able to obtain some levelof access to the secured resources 222 of the third party based on therelationship of the customer 214 with the end user 201.

In each of these cases, there can be multiple parties specifying a levelof access to be provided to any or all of these resources. For example,the second provider or third party 218 can be able to determine amaximum amount of access to the secured resources 222 of the third party218 that can be obtained by any particular entity, such as the end user201 or customer 214, or any applications, services, or other resources,among other such options. In addition, any of those entities can furtherlimit the type of access to be provided. For example, the third party218 might grant read and write access to data stored by the securedresources 222 under a delegation profile for the end user 201. The enduser might not want to be responsible for writing over data stored onthose resources 222, or otherwise manipulating the data, such that theend user might specify (as part of the request, a delegation profile, orotherwise) that the access is to be read-only. Similarly, the customer214 might specify a type of access that the end user 201 can obtainthrough the customer application 224, where that customer mightpotentially be liable for at least part of the access.

In addition, any or all of this access must be paid for by at least oneparty, such as a provider of the resources, a customer of the resources,an end user, a provider of an application or service, etc. Accordingly,each party might also specify rules or policies limiting an amount ofaccess or incurred cost, or shifting the burden of the cost after anamount of access, among other such options. For example, an end user 201downloading and installing an application 226 from the third party 218might get up to $1.00 worth of access to the secured resources, or someother amount such as a number of requests, a time of processing, etc.After that point, the end user might have to set up an account with theprovider, shift operation to the resources 212 of the end user, or makeanother such adjustment. If the access is coming from the application224 or resources 216 of the customer, then all of the cost might have tobe accepted by the customer or the end user. Various other coststructures can be implemented as well, depending at least in part uponthe path or source of the access request. In some embodiments, a limitmight be placed on the amount of access by a source of the request. Forexample, if the customer 214 is responsible for access to the thirdparty resources 222 as triggered by the customer application 224, thecustomer might limit the amount of access the end user 201 or customerapplication 224 can obtain where the customer is liable.

Approaches in accordance with various embodiments thus can provideand/or utilize mechanisms by which transitive trust from a first party(such as an end user, developer, or other such entity) can beestablished through a third party to a customer and/or a resourceprovider. In one example, an end user might log into a social networkingsite that provides identity management. The end user can be assigned anidentifier, or other credential as discussed herein, that is used toidentify that user to entities associated with the social networkingsite, or that have at least agreed to accept such identifiers orcredentials as authenticating information. An application developermight provide an application that can be downloaded and executed by endusers who have accounts with the social networking site. As discussed,the application might utilize resources that are associated with thedeveloper but offered as part of a service provider system orenvironment. In order to enable the end users to obtain access to thoseresources, but manage the amount or type of access that can be obtained,the developer can create one or more policies that enable third-partyauthenticated end users to access at least a portion of those resources,such as by uploading data to a storage instance path that starts with,or includes, the identifier for the user. Such an approach ensures thatcustomers do not interfere with each other's data, as there can be anaming prefix based at least in part upon each end user identity. Agiven resource thus can be logically separated into regions or portionsthat correspond to particular user identifiers, and the regions orportions can be restricted from access by other users or portions, etc.

Further, the developer might want to restrict the actions that can betaken by those end users, or entities associated with those end users,with respect to a particular resource, or set of resources. For example,the developer might enable entities to upload and view high scores for agaming application, but might not want to allow any entities thatobtained access via the third party identity service credentials tolaunch or delete instances of specific resources. The developer thus canlimit access to various tasks or subsets of resources within a service,for example, where the specific tasks or subsets can depend at least inpart upon the identity of the user associated with the credentials, aswell as the source of authentication for that user, among other suchinformation discussed herein. A customer can perform any task allowed bythe provider of the resource under the customer account, and thecustomer can determine which types or subsets of those tasks to delegateto an end user or associated entity. In some embodiments, thedelegations might correspond to individual user identities such that anentity might be allowed to access a portion of a set of resources in astorage service associated with a specified user identity, or anamespace associated with that user identity. Such an approach enables acustomer to delegate additional permissions, but only against portionsof the resources having context associated with the third partyidentifier. The context also might include information in addition tothe user identity. For example, an identity provider might provide aphysical address for a user, where the geographic location might be adetermining factor in the type of access granted.

In some embodiments a customer might want to allow entities to accessthe customer's allocated resources, but might not want to be responsiblefor an unlimited amount of usage. A customer might then specify one ormore quotas on the amount of usage by some or all entities and/or endusers. For example, a customer might specify that each end user verifiedby a particular identity service can consume up to $0.35 of resources,and/or the total amount of consumption by users verified by thatidentity service can be capped at a dollar amount, number of requests,volume of usage, or other such metric. Similarly, entities associatedwith that user might count against the same budget amount, or a separatecollective amount, among other such options.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example process 300 that can be used to enable acustomer of a resource provider to delegate access to one or moreresources in accordance with various embodiments. It should beunderstood that, for any process discussed herein, there can beadditional, fewer, or alternative steps, performed in similar ordifferent orders, or in parallel, within the scope of the variousembodiments unless otherwise stated. In this example, a relationship canbe established 302 between an identity provider and a customer of amulti-tenant environment, or in some cases between the identity providerand the resource provider. There will also be a relationship establishedbetween the identity provider and a group of end users. A request can bereceived 304 from the customer to indicate that the identity provider istrusted to assert certain things about end users to resources allocatedto the customer in the multi-tenant environment, as may include identityand location information, as well as information about the type of useror other such aspects. In embodiments where entities associated with anend user, the request (or a separate request) can also specify that theassertions about an end user can be used to provide access to entitiesassociated with an end user. The customer in some embodiments canestablish rules to define the set of federation providers to be trustedfor the customer account, whereby a provider must comply with the rulesto be trusted by the multi-tenant environment. An example of a rulecould be that the provider complies with a determined informationformat, has a minimum number of customers, and supports a specified typeof identity verification. Such an approach provides for a criteria-basedvetting of identity providers, instead of requiring the providers to bespecifically indicated by name or other identifier.

Once the access is enabled, a request can be received 306 from an enduser, or entity associated with the end user, for access to at least aportion of the customer's resources in the multi-tenant environment. Asdiscussed, this request can come from the end user, an application ofthe end user associated with a third party, or a service accessed by theend user, among other such options. The multi-tenant environment canverify 308 criteria in the received request and use the criteria toobtain 310 identity attributes for the end user from the identityprovider. The obtaining can be performed by, for example, requesting theinformation from the identity provider or examining a cryptographictoken included with the request, among other such options. Theattributes can be used to verify that the user identity information iscorrect and signed by the identity provider. A determination can be made312 as to whether the information matches. If not, the request can bedenied 314. If the information matches or the user is otherwiseauthenticated, one or more delegation profiles 316 can be determinedbased at least in part upon the information for the user, the customeraccount for the resources to be used in providing access, informationidentifying an application or entity associated with the end user andgenerating the request, and other such information. One or more accesscredentials then can be issued 318 to the end user, external entity, orother source of the request, where those credentials are scoped by thedetermined delegation policy or other permissions that were previouslyexpressed by the customer to apply to the type of request. The issuanceof the access credentials enables 320 direct access to at least someresources allocated to the customer, as determined by the determineddelegation policy. As determined, the amount and/or type of access canvary for different entities using the same user credentials, and thetype of entity can determine which delegation profile and/or type ofaccess is to be granted.

In some embodiments, one or more rules can be evaluated to determine aset of policies indicating whether to apply a delegation profile, aswell as the proper delegation profile to apply. The rules can take theform of code that is evaluated in the context of the permissions todetermine the appropriate policy, could involve simple declarative ruleswith support for conditional statements, or could utilize variablesubstitution, among other such options. There can be different rules fordifferent types of entities, as well as paths through which requests foraccess take. As discussed, an end user might be able to obtain a firstlevel of access when submitting a request directly to a set ofresources, but might only be able to obtain a second, lower level ofaccess when submitting a request to those resources through a thirdparty application, even though the same user credentials may accompanyeach request.

In some embodiments, a set of templates can be used to allow mappingbetween the incoming identity, information about the source of therequest, and the outgoing permissions. An example template can allowaccess to a specified link (e.g., a URL for a storage resource), wherethat link might include an identifier or variable that corresponds tothe user or associated entity. Such an approach can providedirectory-like semantics, where a user data directory can be provided ontop of a user-specific subfolder for each user who has used thatdirectory. This can be expressed in a single document that gets thereplacement of the variable whenever a user attempts to obtain access.

Instead of (or in addition to) templates, another approach can be basedat least in part upon a set of rules such as those discussed above.Other approaches to performing the mapping can be used as well, wherethe set of information provided by the third party identity service isaccepted as input, potentially filtered by what the customer decides totrust. In some cases there might be certain identity information that ismandatory. There might also be information about the customer obtainedfrom the resource provider environment, particularly when theappropriate customer was auto-detected. The information might alsoinclude additional metadata as set by the customer, among other suchoptions.

The various information and attributes from the various sources can, inat least some embodiments, be passed through a rules engine that canoutput a document with one or more policies dictating what the userand/or an associated entity is allowed to do against the resourcesallocated to the respective customer. The rules engine might also beoperable to manipulate other resources in the course of making thatdetermination, such as reading or writing information to a data storefor purposes such as quota maintenance or mapping updates, etc. In someembodiments a new identifier can be associated with an entity that hasnot previously been encountered, and the identifier can be an additionaloutput of an example mapping process. The output thus can include atleast a credential that allows the end user and/or associated entity toaccess at least a portion of the customer allocated resources, thepermissions that define what the end user can do with that access, andoptionally some metadata that goes back to the customer or is stored bythe resources.

At least some embodiments might also utilize a generic output step as away of facilitating quota maintenance. This might include a second setof rules that are run after the credentials and permissions aredetermined and provided for a particular end user. These can cause quotadata to be stored or updated, or other such information to be written,and in some embodiments might even cause additional instances to beprovisioned. There can be different quota for users than for relatedentities, and a quota for a related entity might be based at least inpart upon all end users associated with that related entity.

As mentioned, in some cases an end user might be associated with severalcustomers, such as where the end user has downloaded apps from multipledevelopers onto a single computing device. Thus, when a request foraccess is received from an end user that contains identifyinginformation from a third party identity service, it can be necessary todetermine the appropriate customer account to which to provide accessfor the specific request. For example, it can be necessary to determinewhich application is associated with the request, and which customer isassociated with that application, in order to determine whichpermissions to provide so the application can only access resources forthe respective customer. In other embodiments, it can be necessary todetermine which customer is associated with the resources that the user(or entity) is attempting to access.

As mentioned previously, requests can in some embodiments include anidentification of the appropriate delegation profile to use. When thedelegation profile is not identified, the system must determine theappropriate profile to use based on other information in, or associatedwith, the request. In an embodiment, an authentication mechanism such asPKI (Public Key Infrastructure) or SAML (security assertion markuplanguage) might be used to assert claims with respect to the identity ofan end user and/or associated entity. The certificate used to sign therequest for one of these mechanisms can be associated with a particulardelegation profile, and thus used as an indication of the appropriatedelegation profile. After the information provided with the request isverified, various rules can be used to determine the appropriate accountand security principle within that account to be assigned, while inother embodiments the account and principal can be claimed as part ofthe request. Various other such approaches can be used as well. Theappropriate principal can be previously designated by the customer, suchthat any end user or entity who comes in with a claim signed by theappropriate public certificate, provided by the customer, has aspecified profile applied. In some embodiments, the requests mightinclude an identifier for the desired profile, and the users can obtainaccess per that profile when the mapping indicates that the profile ismapped to that end user. In some embodiments, a single profile might beable to be associated with a particular public certificate, such thatthe end user is limited to the profile associated with the certificate.

In some embodiments, a request might be received that is not associatedwith a third party identity service, but with an identity serviceassociated with the resource provider environment. If the system canunambiguously determine that the respective end user is associated withthe resource provider environment, the appropriate delegation profilecan automatically be attached to the request. Certain customers mightwant such a request to be able to obtain a full delegation of rights,subject to any applied restrictions.

In another example embodiment, a wildcard domain name service (DNS)could be operated for a token acceptance endpoint in accordance withvarious federation protocols. Such an approach can enable a customer touse a unique end point to receive the token, enabling most protocols tobe disambiguated. Many federation protocols include an indication ofwhere the credential is being delivered, so if a multi-tenant federationgateway is included that can provide a of DNS endpoints, the system canprovide full disambiguation.

In at least some embodiments, there can be different roles assigned toentities associated with the same user identifier or credentials, whereeach of those roles can be associated with a different delegationprofile. For example, a user providing identity information to anidentity service can receive a credential such as an authenticationtoken. If that user then submits a request with that credential to a setof resources associated with a customer, the user can obtain an assumedrole that enables the user to obtain a first level of access associatedwith that role under the appropriate delegation policy. If the userutilizes an application associated with a third party that makes asimilar request to those resources using that credential, a differentrole can be assumed wherein access can be granted but a second, limitedtype of access granted based on the role being that of a party or entityacting on behalf of the user. If the third party has a relationship withthe provider, a third role might be assumed wherein a level of accessmight be granted that can in some cases exceed that of the user withoutthe third party relationship. Various other roles can be utilized aswell. In at least some embodiments, the roles will be assigned ordetermined using the respective credential and information regarding asource of the request, a type of entity, a delegation profile to beused, or other such information. In at least some embodiments, the sameuser credential issued by an identity service can be used by multipleentities in a distributed, multiple provider environment, for example,wherein different roles and levels of access can be assigned for thesame credential based at least in part upon the type of entitypresenting the credential and/or a relationship of that entity to therespective provider. Further, such an approach can enable differentlevels of access across accounts of multiple customers of the same, ordifferent, providers.

In some embodiments, at least one interface might be provided thatenables a party such as an end user or customer to control aspects ofresource access associated with those parties. For example, an end usermight be able to specify or limit the amount and/or type of access thata third party can take on behalf of that user. Similarly, the thirdparty can limit the actions that can be performed on behalf of a user,and a customer or provider can use such an interface to control the typeof access that can be performed by any or all of these parties. Thiscontrol can include, for example, specifying one or more roles, or oneor more delegation profiles, for each of these parties (or types ofparties).

In addition, each party can also specify information about payment foruse of the respective resources. For example, a customer who providesapplications for use by end users might allow each end user to obtain acertain type of access, or a certain amount of access, to resourcesassociated with the customer. This can include, for example, up to anamount of data storage capacity or processing capacity, or up to amaximum cost of resource usage. The customer can also specify how tohandle any requests that exceed those limits. For example, the customercould indicate that the user is responsible for paying for any accessbeyond the limit, or might not enable the user to obtain any access tothe customer resources when the user has reached the limit. Similarrules or policies could provide for other entities as well. For example,a third party presenting credentials for an associated end user mighthave a different cost structure specified, wherein the end user or thirdparty might be responsible for some or all of the cost of the access.

As discussed, however, not every entity associated with an end user maybe associated with a customer or a provider of customer resources. Suchan entity thus will be unlikely to have an account against which suchaccess can be charged. Approaches in accordance with various embodimentscan utilize any of a number of different approaches to attempt to obtaincompensation from an entity for an amount of access granted on behalf ofan end user or other party delegated access to resources under acustomer account.

In a first embodiment, each party determined to be responsible for atleast a portion of the cost of access to a set of resources under acustomer account might be required to provide an appropriate amount ofdigital currency with a request. For example, a delegation policy mightallow access to resources only where a request for access includes asource of funding, such as a digital cash payment, in addition to validuser credentials and other information discussed herein. Such a requestthen can be processed and/or have resources allocated without requiringa source of the request to first set up an account with the customerand/or provider. Various types of digital cash, electronic money, orcrypto-currency can be used, such as Bitcoins provided by the BitcoinP2P Currency System.

A resource manager or other such component receiving such a request canverify the amount and authenticity of the digital cash, and if theamount is sufficient (and any other necessary criteria are met), theresource manager can provide access to the requested resource(s). In atleast some embodiments the resource manager can store information, suchas an expiration time or capacity limit, in an appropriate accountingdata store or other such location. As long as an expiration criterionhas not been reached, the source of the request (and potentially otherusers or entities associated with the user credentials) can utilize theallocated resource(s). Such an approach enables access to variousmulti-tenant resources without requiring those resources to be tied to aparticular account with the respective customer and/or provider.

Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments can enable auser or entity to obtain and/or extend access to one or more resourcesby providing a source of funding with each corresponding request. Forexample, a customer offering a Web service used by many users and thirdparties may no longer wish to be responsible for payment for themaintenance of the service for some or all of these entities. Thecustomer in such an example can enable additional requests with paymentto be processed, however, such that the customer is not responsible forexcessive access by certain entities, such as access beyond an amountprovided through the relationship of those entities with the customer.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example process 400 for funding access toresources across different accounts in a distributed resourceenvironment that can be utilized in accordance with various embodiments.In this example, a request is received 402 from an entity to obtainaccess to one or more resources under a customer account. The requestcan include at least one user credential associated with a user andissued by an identity service having a relationship with the customerand/or a provider of the resource(s) as discussed herein. Informationfor the request, such as the credential and other relevant information,can be analyzed 404 to attempt to determine at least one of a role or adelegation profile associated with the request. A determination can bemade 406, based at least in part upon the role or delegation profile, aswell as prior use data or other information, as to whether the accessshould be granted without additional funding. If so, the access can begranted 408 in response to the request. If additional funding isrequired, a determination can be made 410 as to whether funding isprovided and/or specified by the request. If not, the request for accesscan be denied 412. If a source of funding is included and/or specifiedby the request, the funding can be verified 414, such as by determiningan amount of digital cash provided or verifying an account number, wherethat account can be with an entity other than the resource provider(e.g., a financial institution). At a time after the funding isvalidated, the access to the resources can be provided 416, assumingother criteria for the access are met as well.

It may also be the case, however, that other entities might want toprovide funding to keep certain resources accessible. For example, athird party application developer might want their applications to beable to continue accessing those resources, even when the resources arenot associated with the third party developer. In such an instance, thethird party developer can provide sources of funding for the requests,or can cause each such request to include a source of funding to coverthe cost of the access. Additional access can be funded by donationsfrom other users or entities as well, such as to support the continuedstoring of data, providing of an application environment, and the like.In such an embodiment, an entity can provide a donation for a specifictask supported by a group of resources, or can potentially provide adonation for a specific resource or resource instance, among other suchoptions. In some cases, such an approach can allow access to continueeven if an original entity or customer associated with the resources nolonger provides payment or has an account with a provider of thoseresources.

In some embodiments, one or more types of advertising might be used toprovide payment for access to one or more resources. For example, an enduser might have to agree to view advertising during a login process withthe identity service, or might have to agree to view advertising in anapplication or service that accesses resources under a customer account,where the user is able to access the resources as long as theadvertising criteria is met. In at least some embodiments there can bean ongoing advertising obligation in order to continue to be able toaccess one or more resources associated with an account of a customer orother third party.

For example, FIG. 5 illustrates an environment 500 similar to that ofFIG. 1, but with the addition of an advertising service 502. It shouldbe understood that reference numbers are carried over between figuresfor similar components for purposes of explanation, but that such useshould not be interpreted as a limitation on the various embodiments.Further, it should be understood that the usage of an advertisingservice or entity can be used with multiple parties, providers, and/oraccounts as well, such as is discussed with respect to FIG. 2.

In this example, a provider of the resource provider environment 102 orthe customer 124 having an account with the provider for the securedresources 104 can establish a relationship with an advertising entity orservice 502, which can be part of, or separate from, either the customeror the provider environment in at least some embodiments. As discussedwith respect to FIG. 1, an end user 116 can obtain credentials from anidentity service 118 that enable the end user 116 to access at least aportion of the secured resources 104 associated with the account of thecustomer 124. In this example, at least some of the access by the enduser 116 is not funded by the customer 124. The user then can obtainaccess by agreeing to view advertising from the advertising service 502,when then will provide funding to the customer and/or the resourceprovider. The advertising can be displayed at any appropriate time, suchas at login, while accessing an application, while viewing a page,before submitting a request, before receiving a specified amount ofaccess, or at any other appropriate time. As discussed, there can be anongoing obligation in at least some circumstances, such that the useragrees to view or receive at least a specified amount of advertising inreturn for the ability to access the resources. In at least someembodiments, the amount of obligation can correspond to the amount ofaccess obtained and/or the amount of access able to be obtained under acorresponding role or delegation profile, etc.

In order to ensure that the user is receiving the advertising and/orsatisfying the obligation, at least one callback module or verificationmechanism 504 can be used to monitor, track, or determine the amount ofadvertising received and/or displayed. The mechanism can work withsoftware installed on a client device or embedded in script executed ona client device, for example, to determine an amount of advertisingreceived and/or displayed to the user. In a situation where otherentities associated with the user obtain access to those resources,different advertising obligations might be accepted and monitored toprovide for that access. In some embodiments, a third party applicationdeveloper might agree to display ads from the advertising service in theparty's application(s) in order to obtain the access needed and/orutilized for those applications. In some embodiments, the advertisingobligation accrues with continued access, or is set per period for levelof access, among other such options.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example process 600 for supporting access toresources using advertising that can be utilized in accordance withvarious embodiments. In this example, a request is received 602 from anentity to obtain access to one or more resources under a customeraccount. The request can include at least one user credential associatedwith a user and issued by an identity service having a relationship withthe customer and/or a provider of the resource(s) as discussed herein.Information for the request, such as the credential and other relevantinformation, can be analyzed 604 to attempt to determine at least one ofa role or a delegation profile associated with the request. Adetermination can be made 606, based at least in part upon the role ordelegation profile, as well as prior use data or other information, asto whether the access should be granted without additional funding. Ifso, the access can be granted 608 in response to the request. Ifadditional funding is required, a determination can be made 610 as towhether sufficient advertising has been displayed to support therequested access. If so, the requested access can be provided. If not, adetermination can be made 612 as to whether sufficient funding can beobtained through a display of advertising at the current time or anongoing obligation. If not, the access can be denied 614. If so, theadvertising and/or obligation can be provided 616, and the accessgranted 618, assuming other criteria for the access are met as well. Ifthe obligation is ongoing, at least one verification can be performed620 to ensure that the obligation is being fulfilled.

In some embodiments, the amount of advertising to be displayed can bereduce in response to a user or entity performing a specific action withrespect to previously displayed advertising. For example, a userselecting an ad to view more information can cause less advertising tobe displayed, where an advertiser provides some level of funding inresponse to the selection. Similarly, a user purchasing an itemassociated with provided advertising might have a further reduction inadvertising, or even no more advertising provided at least for a periodof time, where the party from which the item was purchased will providesome level of funding. Other variable advertising compensation modelscan be used as well, with other responsible parties as appropriate. Insome embodiments, a user might have an option to provide funds inexchange for not receiving further advertising. In some embodiments, auser might be able to obtain access for free (or a relatively low price)in exchange for viewing an amount of advertising, and might pay a higherprice to obtain access without advertising. Other pricing models can beutilized as well within the scope of the various embodiments.

As discussed above, the interfaces, roles, and/or delegation profilescan be used to determine who is responsible for funding resource accessin different situations, as well as how that funding is to be provided.In some instances, a customer or provider might designate a particularadvertising entity or service, while in other instances the source mightnot matter as long as the revenue can be verified and/or obtained.Funding approaches also can be combined, such as where an entity canprovide digital cash if sufficient advertising has not been displayedfor the amount of access being requested. Further, advertising frommultiple related parties might be able to be aggregated to supportcertain types of access. Various other such approaches can be used aswell within the scope of the various embodiments.

As discussed, many embodiments can enable an account owner to establishone or more delegation provides, where each delegation profile can beassociated with an account for a customer of a service providerenvironment or system. The service provider can providenetwork-accessible services (e.g., Web Services), and in at least someembodiments the account can be associated with a set of resources andprincipals that can use those resources. The account is secured suchthat access to the resources of the account is controlled and restrictedto authenticated principals associated with, or including, the customer.The delegation profile thus encapsulates the grant of permission to aparticular entity or set of entities (e.g., end users) to performactions on the resources of the account while operating under thecredentials of the delegation profile. This grant may span acrossmultiple accounts of the service provider. In addition, the delegationprofile may be used in a single service provider or between multipleservice providers. The delegation profile can be used to delegatepermissions between a plurality of services that are components of adistributed system.

In accordance with an embodiment, a person authorized by a top levelidentity creates a delegation profile in the account and specifies aname for the profile, a validation policy (granting access to externalservices or identities), and a set of capabilities for the users (i.e.,external services or identities) that will be using the profile. Theperson can also set forth one or more policies, rules, or other criteriafor determining the type(s) of users or requests that should beassociated with a particular delegation profile.

External entities or entity types named in the validation policy can usea determined delegation profile to allow those entities to act asauthorized users of the customer account, subject to the restrictions ofthe delegation profile. The delegation profile in some embodiments canbe treated as a resource that is passed to calls that create entitiesand authorization of the caller is performed by the external service.

In situations where the appropriate customer cannot be determineddirectly from the request, contextual information from the customerand/or the identity service can be used to determine the customerresources, policies, and profiles to be used for the end user request.This information can include, for example, the application the usersigned into, information in the navigational link, a certificate used tosign the request, or other such information.

In one example, an administrator of a customer's account may create adelegation profile named “profile1” with a validation policy that grantsaccess to an automatic scaling service (i.e., security principal) toassume the delegation profile. By way of example, the scaling servicemay be responsible for adding or removing resources to the customer'saccount depending on demand for compute or storage capacity. When thecustomer of a service provider needs more computing resources due to anincrease in traffic or workload, the automatic scaling service mayautomatically add compute instances to meet the traffic demand.Similarly, when some of the customer's leased resources are sitting idleand unused, the scaling service can automatically reduce the number ofcompute instances allocated to the customer.

The delegation profile can further include an authorization policy thatspecifies a set of permissions for the scaling service to perform. Inthis particular example, the specific action that is permitted is to“run compute instances” under the delegation profile in the customer'saccount. However, in alternative embodiments, the action can be anyaction that can be performed in connection with the account, such asaccessing data, modifying resources, executing services and the like.

Once the delegation profile has been created, the administrator maygrant the use of the profile to user of the account named “Bob” such asby including a statement “profile:useprofile” under Bob's identity inthe account. After the user Bob has been granted the right to use theprofile, Bob may invoke a scaling service to create a scaling group“Group1” (or any other resource modeled within the scaling service),passing in the unique identifier of “profile1” as an argument to thescaling service. For example, the scaling group “Group1” may be aresource modeled within the scaling service that is associated with agroup of specific computing instances that should be managed (i.e.,expanded or shrunk in number) by the scaling service. Another example ofa resource modeled within a service may be code running on a computinginstance that may need to invoke a resource in the account acting underthe guise of the delegation profile.

Upon receiving the request from the user, the scaling service couldcheck whether user Bob has permissions to perform the action“profile:useprofile” on “profile1” and create the appropriate group forthe user. Subsequently, when the scaling group needs to take actions onthe account, the scaling service may create a credential for the scalinggroup by passing a reference to “profile1” to an identity managementservice. The identity management service can be any security entity thatcan verify the validation policy and authorization policy of thedelegation profile. In accordance with an embodiment, the scalingservice would then use the resulting credential to represent the scalinggroup. All subsequent actions taken on the customer's account can beperformed by the scaling group “Group1” which is an entity within thecustomer's account. In some cases, the customer's group may need to havepermissions to take all actions within the account that are necessary,like launching compute instances.

A delegation profile can be created in an account of a service provider,for example, by an account administrator that manages a customer'saccount on a service provider. The delegation profile can specify aname, a security principal that will be allowed to assume the delegationprofile, and a set of actions that the security principal will beallowed to perform in the account. An authorized user under the accountis granted permission to use the delegation profile. For example, theadministrator can enable one or more users of the account to provide thedelegation profile to external entities so that they are able to accessthe account resources. The authorized user may provide a reference tothe delegation profile to an external service. The external service mayreside on the service provider but outside of the account in which thedelegation profile was created. Alternatively, the external service mayreside outside of the service provider itself. Once the external servicereceives the reference to the delegation profile, it can submit arequest for credentials to perform actions in the account. For example,the external service may submit the request to a security token serviceand the request may indicate the delegation profile. The set ofcredentials can be issued to the external service if the externalservice was verified as having been designated a proper securityprincipal in the validation policy of the delegation profile. Thesecredentials can enable requests to be made within the context of anidentity within the account, wherein the permissions granted to theservice are based on the capabilities specified in the delegationprofile.

A delegation profile can be provided to a service, such as by sending tothe service a request including a reference to the delegation profile.The service receives the request to associate the delegation profilewith a resource that is modeled within the service. For example, theresource may be any component or portion of the service that may needaccess to the account in which the delegation profile was created. Theservice can verify that the principal who provided the delegationprofile has the permissions to specify (i.e., use) the delegationprofile to the resource of the service. This can be performed bychecking the permissions or other security information that areassociated with the principal on the service itself. The resource of theservice can obtain the credentials that will enable it to performactions in the account in which the delegation profile was created. Forexample, the service may obtain the credentials on behalf of theresource modeled within it by invoking a security token service or anidentity management service.

As discussed, in other embodiments an end user or other external entitymight not be given a reference to a particular delegation profile, butthe delegation profile might be determined dynamically in response to,for example, a request being received from a device associated with theend user, where the request requires access to at least one securedresource in a resource provider environment. Referring back to FIG. 1, acustomer 124 might be a developer of an application that can be executedon a computing device associated with an end user 116. The customer 124might have an account with the resource provider environment 102,whereby information can be stored and/or processed for the application,or users of the application, using one or more resources 104 in theenvironment. When a copy of the customer application is stored andexecuted on the computing device of a user 116, that application mightsend a request to the resource provider environment 102 in order toaccess one of the resources associated with the customer account, inorder to obtain information or perform a task associated with theapplication. In some embodiments, this can include tasks such as addinga score to a leader board, processing data to obtain a result forpresentation via the application, and the like.

It may be the case that the developer of the application, the customer124 in this example, does not want to be responsible for configuring andmanaging an identity store for the various end users of the application.As discussed, in such situations the customer might want to utilize anidentity service 118, federation service, or other such security servicein order to manage the user identity information on the customer'sbehalf. The end user in such an example can provide identifyinginformation, such as a username and password or other such information,to an identity service 118 with which the end user might have anaccount, profile, or other such relationship. In some embodiments, theidentity service might be offered through the resource providerenvironment 102. The identity service can authenticate the user based atleast in part upon the provided information, and then can vouch for theidentity of the user. In some embodiments as discussed previously theidentity service can provide credentials 122 (e.g., a secure token) tothe user to be submitted with any request to the resource providersystem 102 and/or customer 124, in order to prove the identity of theuser associated with the request. In other embodiments, the identityservice might receive requests for authentication information when arequest for an end user is received to either the resource providerenvironment 102 or the customer 124, in which case the identity servicewill have to provide information indicating whether or not the requestis actually associated with the user purported to be associated with therequest based at least in part upon information associated with therequest.

Since the application developer will generally be financiallyresponsible for those resources 104 associated with the developer'saccount, the developer may want the ability to control, manage, orspecify at least a portion of the tasks that the users can perform usingresources associated with to the developer's account. This can beespecially true when the developer might not have a directlyrelationship with many of the end users, where those relationships areestablished through the identity service or another such third partythat is vouching for the identity of the end users. The resourceprovider environment thus can provide mechanisms that enable thedeveloper and other customers to limit access and risk, rather thansimply providing each end user with unlimited access to the resourcesassociated with the developer.

FIG. 7 illustrates a logical arrangement of a set of general componentsof an example computing device 700. In this example, the device includesa processor 702 for executing instructions that can be stored in amemory device or element 704. As would be apparent to one of ordinaryskill in the art, the device can include many types of memory, datastorage, or non-transitory computer-readable storage media, such as afirst data storage for program instructions for execution by theprocessor 702, a separate storage for images or data, a removable memoryfor sharing information with other devices, etc. The device typicallywill include some type of display element 706, such as a touch screen orliquid crystal display (LCD), although devices such as portable mediaplayers might convey information via other means, such as through audiospeakers. The device can include one or more network interfacecomponents 708 configured to enable the device to transmit and receiveinformation over a network. As discussed, the device in many embodimentswill include at least one input element 710 able to receive conventionalinput from a user. This conventional input can include, for example, apush button, touch pad, touch screen, wheel, joystick, keyboard, mouse,keypad, or any other such device or element whereby a user can input acommand to the device. In some embodiments, however, such a device mightnot include any buttons at all, and might be controlled only through acombination of visual and audio commands, such that a user can controlthe device without having to be in contact with the device. In someembodiments, the computing device 700 of FIG. 7 can include one or morenetwork interface elements 708 for communicating over various networks,such as a Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RF, wired, or wireless communicationsystems. The device in many embodiments can communicate with a network,such as the Internet, and may be able to communicate with other suchdevices.

As discussed, different approaches can be implemented in variousenvironments in accordance with the described embodiments. For example,FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an environment 800 for implementingaspects in accordance with various embodiments. As will be appreciated,although a Web-based environment is used for purposes of explanation,different environments may be used, as appropriate, to implement variousembodiments. The system includes an electronic client device 802, whichcan include any appropriate device operable to send and receiverequests, messages or information over an appropriate network 804 andconvey information back to a user of the device. Examples of such clientdevices include personal computers, cell phones, handheld messagingdevices, laptop computers, set-top boxes, personal data assistants,electronic book readers and the like. The network can include anyappropriate network, including an intranet, the Internet, a cellularnetwork, a local area network or any other such network or combinationthereof. Components used for such a system can depend at least in partupon the type of network and/or environment selected. Protocols andcomponents for communicating via such a network are well known and willnot be discussed herein in detail. Communication over the network can beenabled via wired or wireless connections and combinations thereof. Inthis example, the network includes the Internet, as the environmentincludes a Web server 806 for receiving requests and serving content inresponse thereto, although for other networks an alternative deviceserving a similar purpose could be used, as would be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art.

The illustrative environment includes at least one application server808 and a data store 810. It should be understood that there can beseveral application servers, layers or other elements, processes orcomponents, which may be chained or otherwise configured, which caninteract to perform tasks such as obtaining data from an appropriatedata store. As used herein the term “data store” refers to any device orcombination of devices capable of storing, accessing and retrievingdata, which may include any combination and number of data servers,databases, data storage devices and data storage media, in any standard,distributed or clustered environment. The application server can includeany appropriate hardware and software for integrating with the datastore as needed to execute aspects of one or more applications for theclient device and handling a majority of the data access and businesslogic for an application. The application server provides access controlservices in cooperation with the data store and is able to generatecontent such as text, graphics, audio and/or video to be transferred tothe user, which may be served to the user by the Web server in the formof HTML, XML or another appropriate structured language in this example.The handling of all requests and responses, as well as the delivery ofcontent between the client device 802 and the application server 808,can be handled by the Web server 806. It should be understood that theWeb and application servers are not required and are merely examplecomponents, as structured code discussed herein can be executed on anyappropriate device or host machine as discussed elsewhere herein.

The data store 810 can include several separate data tables, databasesor other data storage mechanisms and media for storing data relating toa particular aspect. For example, the data store illustrated includesmechanisms for storing production data 812 and user information 816,which can be used to serve content for the production side. The datastore also is shown to include a mechanism for storing log data 814. Itshould be understood that there can be many other aspects that may needto be stored in the data store, such as page image information andaccess rights information, which can be stored in any of the abovelisted mechanisms as appropriate or in additional mechanisms in the datastore 810. The data store 810 is operable, through logic associatedtherewith, to receive instructions from the application server 808 andobtain, update or otherwise process data in response thereto. In oneexample, a user might submit a search request for a certain type ofitem. In this case, the data store might access the user information toverify the identity of the user and can access the catalog detailinformation to obtain information about items of that type. Theinformation can then be returned to the user, such as in a resultslisting on a Web page that the user is able to view via a browser on theuser device 802. Information for a particular item of interest can beviewed in a dedicated page or window of the browser.

Each server typically will include an operating system that providesexecutable program instructions for the general administration andoperation of that server and typically will include computer-readablemedium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of theserver, allow the server to perform its intended functions. Suitableimplementations for the operating system and general functionality ofthe servers are known or commercially available and are readilyimplemented by persons having ordinary skill in the art, particularly inlight of the disclosure herein.

The environment in one embodiment is a distributed computing environmentutilizing several computer systems and components that areinterconnected via communication links, using one or more computernetworks or direct connections. However, it will be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art that such a system could operate equallywell in a system having fewer or a greater number of components than areillustrated in FIG. 8. Thus, the depiction of the system 800 in FIG. 8should be taken as being illustrative in nature and not limiting to thescope of the disclosure.

Various embodiments discussed or suggested herein can be implemented ina wide variety of operating environments, which in some cases caninclude one or more user computers, computing devices, or processingdevices which can be used to operate any of a number of applications.User or client devices can include any of a number of general purposepersonal computers, such as desktop or laptop computers running astandard operating system, as well as cellular, wireless, and handhelddevices running mobile software and capable of supporting a number ofnetworking and messaging protocols. Such a system also can include anumber of workstations running any of a variety ofcommercially-available operating systems and other known applicationsfor purposes such as development and database management. These devicesalso can include other electronic devices, such as dummy terminals,thin-clients, gaming systems, and other devices capable of communicatingvia a network.

Most embodiments utilize at least one network that would be familiar tothose skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of avariety of commercially-available protocols, such as TCP/IP, FTP, UPnP,NFS, and CIFS. The network can be, for example, a local area network, awide-area network, a virtual private network, the Internet, an intranet,an extranet, a public switched telephone network, an infrared network, awireless network, and any combination thereof.

In embodiments utilizing a Web server, the Web server can run any of avariety of server or mid-tier applications, including HTTP servers, FTPservers, CGI servers, data servers, Java servers, and businessapplication servers. The server(s) also may be capable of executingprograms or scripts in response requests from user devices, such as byexecuting one or more Web applications that may be implemented as one ormore scripts or programs written in any programming language, such asJava®, JavaScript, C, C# or C++, or any scripting language, such asPerl, Python, or TCL, as well as combinations thereof. The server(s) mayalso include database servers, including without limitation thosecommercially available from Oracle®, Microsoft®, Sybase®, and IBM®.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computersacross the network. In a particular set of embodiments, the informationmay reside in a storage-area network (“SAN”) familiar to those skilledin the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functionsattributed to the computers, servers, or other network devices may bestored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includescomputerized devices, each such device can include hardware elementsthat may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, forexample, at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one inputdevice (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touch screen, or keypad),and at least one output device (e.g., a display device, printer, orspeaker). Such a system may also include one or more storage devices,such as disk drives, optical storage devices, and solid-state storagedevices such as random access memory (“RAM”) or read-only memory(“ROM”), as well as removable media devices, memory cards, flash cards,etc.

Such devices also can include a computer-readable storage media reader,a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless orwired), an infrared communication device, etc.), and working memory asdescribed above. The computer-readable storage media reader can beconnected with, or configured to receive, a computer-readable storagemedium, representing remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storagedevices as well as storage media for temporarily and/or more permanentlycontaining, storing, transmitting, and retrieving computer-readableinformation. The system and various devices also typically will includea number of software applications, modules, services, or other elementslocated within at least one working memory device, including anoperating system and application programs, such as a client applicationor Web browser. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments mayhave numerous variations from that described above. For example,customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements mightbe implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, suchas applets), or both. Further, connection to other computing devicessuch as network input/output devices may be employed.

Storage media and computer readable media for containing code, orportions of code, can include any appropriate media known or used in theart, including storage media and communication media, such as but notlimited to volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage and/or transmissionof information such as computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules, or other data, including RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memoryor other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) orother optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by asystem device. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, aperson of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other ways and/ormethods to implement the various embodiments.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention asset forth in the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer implemented method, comprising:receiving, from an entity, a request for access to one or moreresources, the request associated with a user credential, the usercredential comprising a cryptographic token generated by a third partyidentity provider, the cryptographic token including identityinformation for the entity and a specified user independent from theentity to authenticate the entity; generating, by one or more computersystems, an applicable delegation profile for the request based at leastin part on the user credential and the identity information for theentity, the applicable delegation profile comprising permissions foraccessing the one or more resources and identifiers for one of thespecified user or principals permitted to access the one or moreresources according to the permissions; identifying one or more partiesto provide an amount of funding based at least in part upon the requestand the applicable delegation profile, the one or more parties toprovide the amount of funding not associated with the specific user orprincipals permitted to access the one or more resources; determiningwhether the amount of funding is provided for the access in response tothe identification of the one or more parties; authenticating, by theone or more computer systems, the entity based at least in part on theuser credential and the determination that the amount of funding isprovided, the user credential mapped to the identifiers for one of thespecific user or principals permitted to access the one or moreresources; and providing, by the one or more computer systems, theentity with access to the one or more resources according to theapplicable delegation profile based at least in part on theauthentication of the entity, the access enabling the entity to act asthe specified user on the one or more resources subject to thepermissions.
 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, furthercomprising: determining an amount of digital currency associated withthe request, wherein determining whether funding is provided for theaccess includes determining whether the amount of digital currency issufficient for the access to the one or more resources.
 3. The computerimplemented method of claim 1, wherein at least one of a type offunding, or the amount of funding for the access to the one or moreresources is determined based at least in part on the request and theapplicable delegation profile including identity information, theidentity information comprising a type of access, an applicationidentifier, a specified access identifier, or an account identifier. 4.The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: causingadvertising to be provided for display to the entity in order to obtainthe funding for the access based at least in part on the determinationwhether funding is provided and the applicable delegation profile or therequest.
 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, furthercomprising: determining an amount of advertising to be provided, theamount being based at least in part upon at least one aspect of theaccess or the applicable delegation profile.
 6. The computer implementedmethod of claim 5, further comprising: verifying that the amount ofadvertising was displayed for the entity.
 7. The computer implementedmethod of claim 5, wherein the amount of advertising to be provided isreduced in response to at least one action being performed with respectto provided advertising, the at least one action including at least oneof a completion of a purchase of an item associated with the providedadvertising or a selection to view additional information associatedwith the provided advertising.
 8. The computer implemented method ofclaim 5, further comprising: enabling the entity to provide funding forthe access; and upon determining that the funding was provided,determining that advertising does not need to be provided for theaccess.
 9. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein theentity is a provider of an application executed by the user, and whereinthe advertising is provided for display to the specified user via theapplication.
 10. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein theadvertising is provided for display to the specified user via the thirdparty identity provider.
 11. The computer implemented method of claim 4,wherein the entity is a first provider of a first application submittingthe request on behalf of the specified user, wherein the one or moreresources are associated with a second provider of a second application;and wherein a responsible party for the funding includes at least one ofthe specified user, the first provider, or the second provider.
 12. Thecomputer implemented method of claim 11, further comprising: enablingthe responsible party to specify at least one of a type or an amount ofaccess to be provided while the responsible party is responsible forfunding the access.
 13. The computer implemented method of claim 1,wherein access to the one or more resources is provided according to anaccount being maintained by a provider of the one or more resources, theaccess being provided according to one or more terms of the account. 14.The computer implemented method of claim 13, wherein the accountcorresponds to one of the specified user, the entity, the provider, or athird party.
 15. The computer implemented method of claim 13, whereingenerating the applicable delegation profile is based at least in partupon a relationship of the entity to a holder of the account.
 16. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the permissions of theapplicable delegation profile are restricted to a scope that is lessthan or equal to permissions of the holder of the account.
 17. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the user credentialcomprises a security token issued by the third party identity provider,the security token including information for the specified user.
 18. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the entity is providedwith access only when the identity provider is a federation providerindicated by the applicable delegation profile or when the identityinformation provided by the identity provider includes at least onepiece of mandatory information.
 19. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 1, wherein the funding is provided via an in-application purchaseperformed via a mobile computing device.
 20. A computer system,comprising: at least one processor; and memory including instructionsthat, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computersystem to: receive, from an entity, a request for access to one or moreresources, the request associated with a user credential, the usercredential comprising a secure token generated by a third party identityprovider, the secure token including identity information for the entityand a specified user independent from the entity; generate, by theprocessor, an applicable delegation profile for the request based atleast in part on the user credential including the identity informationfor the entity, the applicable delegation profile comprising identifiersfor one of the specified user or principals and permissions foraccessing the one or more resources, the permissions applicable to thespecified user or the principals; identify one or more parties toprovide an amount of funding based at least in part upon the request andthe applicable delegation profile, the one or more parties to providethe amount of funding not associated with the specific user orprincipals permitted to access the one or more resources; determinewhether the amount of funding is provided for the access in response tothe identification of the one or more parties; authenticating, by theprocessor, the entity based at least in part on the user credential andthe determination that the amount of funding is provided, the usercredential mapped to the identifiers for one of the specific user orprincipals permitted to access the one or more resources; and providethe entity with access to the one or more resources according to theapplicable delegation profile based at least in part on theauthentication of the entity, the access enabling the entity to act asthe specified user on the one or more resources subject to thepermissions.
 21. The computer system of claim 20, wherein theinstructions when executed further cause the computer system to:determine an amount of digital currency associated with the request,wherein determining whether funding is provided for the access includesdetermining whether the amount of digital currency is sufficient for theaccess to the one or more resources.
 22. The computer system of claim20, wherein the instructions when executed further cause the computersystem to: cause advertising to be provided for display to the entity inorder to obtain the funding for the access.
 23. The computer system ofclaim 20, wherein the instructions when executed further cause thecomputer system to: determine an amount of advertising to be provided,the amount being based at least in part upon at least one aspect of theaccess or the applicable delegation profile.
 24. The computer system ofclaim 20, wherein the instructions when executed further cause thecomputer system to: verify that the amount of advertising was displayedfor the entity.
 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage mediumincluding instructions that, when executed by at least one processor ofa computing system, cause the computing system to: receive, from anentity, a request for access to one or more resources, the requestassociated with a user credential, the user credential comprising acryptographic token generated by a third party identity provider andincluding identity information for the entity and a specified userindependent from the entity; generate, by the at least one processor ofthe computing system, an applicable delegation profile for the requestbased at least in part on the user credential and the identityinformation for the entity, the applicable delegation profile comprisingidentifiers for one of the specified user or principals and permissionsfor accessing the one or more resources, the permissions applicable tothe specified user or the principals; identify one or more parties toprovide an amount of funding required to provide access based at leastin part upon the request and the applicable delegation profile, the oneor more parties to provide the amount of funding not associated with thespecific user or principals permitted to access the one or moreresources; determine whether the amount of funding is provided for theaccess in response to the identification of the one or more parties;authenticate, by the at least one processor of the computing system, theentity based at least in part upon the user credential and thedetermination that the amount of funding is provided, the usercredential mapped to the identifiers for one of the specific user orprincipals permitted to access the one or more resources; and providethe entity with access to the one or more resources according to theapplicable delegation profile based at least in part on theauthentication of the entity, the access enabling the entity to act asthe specified user on the one or more resources subject to thepermissions.
 26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 25, wherein the instructions when executed further cause thecomputer system to: determine an amount of digital currency associatedwith the request, wherein determining whether funding is provided forthe access includes determining whether the amount of digital currencyis sufficient for the access to the one or more resources.
 27. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein theinstructions when executed further cause the computer system to: causeadvertising to be provided for display to the entity in order to obtainthe funding for the access.
 28. The non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium of claim 25, wherein the instructions when executedfurther cause the computer system to: determine an amount of advertisingto be provided, the amount being based at least in part upon at leastone aspect of the access or the applicable delegation profile.